home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT0493>
- <title>
- Mar. 07, 1994: The Arts & Media:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Mar. 07, 1994 The Spy
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA, Page 68
- Books
- Between Two Worlds
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Two black journalists provide compelling accounts of their struggles
- to succeed in the white mainstream
- </p>
- <p>By Jack E. White
- </p>
- <p> Ever since Frederick Douglass forged the story of his escape
- from slavery into a powerful abolitionist message, black writers
- such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Richard Wright and Malcolm X have wielded
- their autobiographies like emancipating swords. Now that weapon
- has been taken up by two black journalists, Nathan McCall and
- Brent Staples, each of whom provides a soul-searing account
- of his uneasy journey from the segregated world of blacks to
- the token-integrated fringe of the white world.
- </p>
- <p> Together, these life stories provide an unsettling account of
- the human consequences of an American tragedy: the widening
- division between blacks and whites during the turbulent aftermath
- of the civil rights movement. Their most disturbing message
- is that the psychological shell shock that afflicts much of
- the black community is not caused by white malevolence. Rather,
- it is a product of social distance itself, the gap not only
- between whites and blacks but also between blacks who have carved
- out a place for themselves and those who have given up in frustration.
- When strangers meet across this valley of ignorance, the result
- is mutual incomprehension.
- </p>
- <p> McCall's Makes Me Wanna Holler: A Young Black Man in America
- (Random House; $23) and Staples' Parallel Time: Growing Up in
- Black and White (Pantheon; $23) offer a horrifying catalog of
- the wasted lives and thwarted talents, misdirected rage and
- pitiful self-hatred that characterize the black urban underclass,
- from which both authors escaped. McCall, 39, participated in
- petty crime and savage violence; Staples, 42, lost a brother
- to the same plagues. Both went on to successful newspaper careers
- (McCall as a Washington Post reporter and Staples as an editorial
- writer for the New York Times). And despite their success, neither
- writer has made peace with either the black America he left
- behind or the white America in which he finds himself today.
- </p>
- <p> McCall's transformation from hoodlum to newspaperman picks up
- where Malcolm X's story left off, charting the ambiguous destiny
- of the young men who came of age just as the black community
- split between a rapidly assimilating middle class and the increasingly
- isolated ghetto poor. A promising student in Portsmouth, Virginia,
- McCall had a hardworking, upright mother and stepfather. Yet
- he joined other teenagers in senseless shootings, stickups and
- brutal gang rapes, known as "pulling trains." At 19 he was convicted
- of robbing a fast-food joint and sentenced to 12 years in prison.
- For him as for Malcolm, jail meant salvation. Exposed to books
- and the wisdom of older inmates, he was paroled after three
- years, completed college and began making his difficult way
- into the white mainstream.
- </p>
- <p> In one wrenching passage, McCall describes trying to apologize
- to a woman at college whom he once helped gang-rape: "I wanted
- to let her know that I was struggling to break from my past,
- too, and I wanted to encourage her to keep trying. But her expression
- suggested that I should say no more. It seemed that my presence
- brought out her shame. So I moved on." Later, after landing
- his first newspaper job, McCall removed articles about his own
- crimes from the clip files. Years passed before he felt confident
- enough to stop concealing his prison record from prospective
- employers. But even today, he writes, "at times I feel suspended
- in a kind of netherworld, belonging fully neither to the streets
- nor to the establishment."
- </p>
- <p> Staples, whose family migrated from Virginia to the declining
- industrial city of Chester, Pennsylvania, was a comparative
- straight arrow. He managed to survive poverty, a deep estrangement
- from his disruptive family and small acts of cruelty from white
- neighbors without getting into serious trouble. He then went
- on to college and graduate work at the University of Chicago.
- </p>
- <p> It was there that he learned the power of racial stereotypes.
- Tall and dark complexioned, Staples noticed he inspired fear
- in whites when he approached on the sidewalk. At first he sought
- to reassure them by whistling Vivaldi. Then he found malicious
- glee in frightening them in a game he called "scatter the pigeons."
- One night he hid in the shadows, then sprang in front of a white
- couple: "The two of them stood frozen as I bore down on them.
- I felt a surge of power: these people were mine...If I had
- been younger, with less to lose, I'd have robbed them." Instead
- Staples shouted good evening and strolled away with a laugh.
- There are few better examples in literature of the contained
- fury toward whites that grips even the most outwardly docile
- black man.
- </p>
- <p> What sets these books apart from similar works by less talented
- writers is their refusal to oversimplify or offer easy prescriptions
- for the underclass dilemma. As McCall acknowledges, "My background
- and those of my running partners don't fit all the convenient
- theories, and the problems among us are more complex than something
- we can throw jobs, social programs or more policemen at." That
- maddening complexity, these two powerful books make clear, keeps
- it nearly as difficult for young blacks to free themselves from
- bondage today as it was in Douglass's time.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-